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 Table 1: The Controlled Language (CL) Norms at the Lexical Level
| Items |
CL Norms |
1 |
Use single verbs/adverbs/adjectives to replace verbal/adverb/adjective phrases. |
2 |
Use the single meaning word to replace the polysemous word. |
3 |
Provide specific information. For example, edit “front airbag” as “front seat airbag”, so that the MT output would be appropriate. |
4 |
Avoid the use of acronyms. |
5 |
Avoid the use of specialized terms. |
6 |
Avoid the use of gerund (the V-ing form). |
7 |
Add modifiers before nouns. For example, add “electric” before “power adapter.” |
8 |
Use “the” or the plural form to replace “a/an” in the presentation of nouns. |
9 |
Use punctuation marks to avoid misunderstanding by the MT system. |
Table 2: The Controlled Language (CL) Norms at the Syntactic Level
| Items |
CL Norms |
1 |
Split a long sentence into two shorter sentences. |
2 |
Avoid the use of prepositional phrases and change them into subordinate clauses. For the application of Google MT, subordinate clauses should be put before main clauses, but TransWhiz is not subject to this constraint. |
3 |
Use the complete sentence (consisting of the subject, verb and others) to replace the imperative sentence. |
4 |
Avoid the use of the elliptical expression. e.g. “…., not the front seat”. |
5 |
For the application of Google MT, the “who”-led clause must be changed into an independent clause, but the TransWhiz system accepts this clausal construction. |
6 |
Replace the “with”-led prepositional phrase with a complete clause. |
7 |
For Google MT application, “in”/ “on”/ “at”-led place markers must be put at the beginning position of a sentence, but it is not necessary for TransWhiz application. |
8 |
For Google MT application, passive voice is often acceptable, but for TransWhiz application, active voice is preferred. |
9 |
For Google MT application, if a special sentence pattern such as “the more.., the more…” has been saved in the labeled corpus in the MT system, the MT output can be appropriate, otherwise it would produce the unreadable translation. |
10 |
Avoid using the unclear description. |
11 |
For Google MT application, subordinate clauses should be put before the main clauses, but the TransWhiz system is not subject to this constraint. |
12 |
For Google MT application, avoid using nouns groups connected by “of”, but the TransWhiz system is not subject to this constraint. |
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