Children's Developmental Stages

Cognitive Development 

- Piaget

Social Development

- Erikson

Moral Development

- Kohlberg

Sensorimotor Period

(0-2 years)

Trust vs. Mistrust

(0-1.5 years)

Pre-conventional Level

(0-7 years)

- Stage 1 Punishment / Obedience orientation

- Stage 2 Instrumental / Relativist Orientation

Pre-operational Period

   - Pre-conceptual Stage

     (2-4 years)

   - Intuitive Stage

     (4-7 years)

Autonomy vs. Doubt

(1.5-3 years)

Initiative vs. Guilt

(3-7 years)

Period of Concrete Operations

(7-11 years)

Industry vs. Inferiority

(7-11 years)

Conventional Level (7-11 years)

- Stage 1 Interpersonal Concordance Orientation

- Stage 2 "Law and Order" Orientation

Period of Formal Operations

(11-15 years)

Identity vs. Role Confusion

(11-15 years)

Post-conventional Level

(Adolescence / Adulthood)

- Stage 1 Contractual / Legalistic Orientation

- Stage 2 Universal / Ethical / Principle Orientation

    Note: This table is adapted from Russell, D. L. (2005) Literature for Children: A Short Introduction (p. 29).