The reading process involves the text, the reader, and the interaction between the two, so theorists have proposed three basic models of how reading occurs: Bottom-up, top-down, and interactive.

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Advocates of the bottom-up reading model follow the principle that reading is an encoding process (focus on the text).

1.   ?    True
2.   ?    False

Which of the following descriptions about the top-down model is NOT true?

1.   ?    Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game (focus on the reader).
2.   ?    The "whole language" approach to teaching reading is used.
3.   ?    The phonics approach to teaching reading is used.
4.   ?    Advocates of this model usually ask students to make predictions based on previous background knowledge and language processing skills in the reading process.

Which of the following descriptions about the interactive model is NOT true?

1.   ?    Reading is a process of constructing meaning from text through the use of both bottom-up and top-down processes, strategies, and skills (focus on the interaction).
2.   ?    Both bottom-up and top-down processes occur simultaneously for the reader to comprehend the meaning of the text.
3.   ?    There are two levels of interaction: first, interaction between the reader and the text; second, interaction between identification and interpretation.
4.   ?    None of the above.

Which one about the schemata theory is NOT true?

1.   ?    According to schema theory, the reader brings previously acquired background knowledge organized into interrelated patterns, or schemata, to the reading process.
2.   ?    Formal schema refers to prior knowledge of rhetorical structures and conventions.
3.   ?    Content schema refers to background knowledge of the subject of the text, which is rarely culture-bound.
4.   ?    Linguistic schema refers to decoding knowledge used to recognize words and determine their syntax in a sentence.

Which of the following statements about using computer technologies to teach reading is NOT true?

1.   ?    Most computer-based learning programs cannot help learners to develop rapid and precise word recognition.
2.   ?    Online concordancers are good language learning tools that can help learners to increase vocabulary and structural Knowledge.
3.   ?    Many news websites, like CNN Internation, can be used to facilitate the development of content/world knowledge.
4.   ?    WebQuests can be used to develop synthesis and evaluation skills.

According to Zimmerman(1997), which one should NOT be used in a vocabulary lesson?

1.   ?    Providing multiple exposure to words
2.   ?    Providing rich and varied information about each word
3.   ?    Establishing ties between instructed words student experience, and prior knowledge
4.   ?    Teaching vocabulary in isolation without meaningful contexts

Which of the following descriptions about metacognitive knowledge and skills is NOT true?

1.   ?    It is the knowledge about how learners think and self-regulate their cognitive processes.
2.   ?    It includes knowledge about language and ability to recognize structural and rhetorical features of the text using suitable strategies for accomplishing particular goals.
3.   ?    Metacognitive skills in the reading process include recognizing main ideas; skimming, scanning, paraphrasing, and summarizing; guessing meaning from word formation rules, etc.
4.   ?    Metacognitive knowledge refers to vocabulary and structural Knowledge.